Views: 67 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2026-01-30 Origin: Site
Benzyl Alcohol, identified by CAS 100-51-6, stands as one of the most versatile aromatic alcohols in the modern chemical industry. Characterized by its colorless liquid form and a faint, pleasant aromatic odor, it serves a dual purpose as both a high-performance solvent and a robust preservative.
For procurement professionals and formulation chemists, understanding the nuances of this compound is critical for ensuring product stability and regulatory compliance.
This comprehensive guide is designed to help you understand the technical details of benzyl alcohol. We'll analyze its physical properties, differentiate between different purity grades, and discuss the logistics of purchasing benzyl alcohol from bulk suppliers, providing authoritative and in-depth information to help you make informed industrial decisions and develop high-standard formulated products.
The chemical properties of benzyl alcohol are defined by its molecular formula C7H8O, which consists of a benzene ring and a hydroxymethyl group. This structure gives the molecule unique properties, such as a relatively high boiling point and a density of 1.045 g/mL at room temperature, and allows it to be used in both polar and non-polar applications, making it indispensable in various fields ranging from heavy-duty industrial coatings to precision pharmaceutical formulations.
As a primary alcohol, it possesses a reactivity that is highly valued in chemical synthesis, yet its stability under the right conditions makes it a reliable component in long-term shelf-life products. Whether it is used to reduce the viscosity of epoxy resins or to prevent microbial growth in a cosmetic cream, its efficacy is well-documented and globally recognized.
Solubility is a defining factor in its industrial utility. While it is only moderately soluble in water—dissolving at a rate of approximately 4.29 g/100 mL at 20°C—it is completely miscible with organic solvents such as diethyl ether and various alcohols. This amphiphilic nature allows it to act as a "co-solvent" in complex mixtures, helping to stabilize ingredients that would otherwise remain immiscible.
Furthermore, its low vapor pressure makes it an environmentally preferable alternative to more volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cleaning and stripping applications.
The molecular weight of 108.14 g/mol influences its behavior in distillation and reaction kinetics. In industrial settings, the purity of the compound is often assessed via Gas Chromatography (GC), where technicians look for the presence of benzaldehyde or benzyl chloride as residual impurities.
Understanding these technical benchmarks is the first step for any buyer to ensure they are receiving a product that meets the specific thermodynamic and kinetic requirements of their manufacturing process.
| Property | Specification |
| CAS Number | 100-51-6 |
| Molecular Formula | C7H8O |
| Molecular Weight | 108.14 g/mol |
| Boiling Point | ~205°C |
| Flash Point | 201 ℉ |
| Density | 1.045 g/cm³ at 25 °C(lit.) |
| Solubility | 4.29 g/100mL in water; Miscible in Alcohol |
Distinguishing between benzyl alcohol technical grade and pharmaceutical grade (USP/NF) is paramount for regulatory compliance and product safety. Technical grade material is the industrial workhorse, typically utilized in applications where ultra-low impurity profiles are less critical than solvent power.
It is commonly found in paint strippers, degreasers, and as a curing agent in epoxy systems. While cost-effective, technical grade may contain higher levels of benzaldehyde, which can affect the odor profile and chemical stability of sensitive end-products.
In contrast, USP grade specifications are significantly more stringent, requiring a purity level that usually exceeds 99.9%. This grade is mandatory for products intended for human contact or ingestion, such as parenteral (injectable) medications and high-end skincare formulations.
The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF) standards mandate rigorous testing for heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, and peroxide values. For pharmaceutical manufacturers, using anything less than USP/NF grade for bacteriostatic water or local anesthetics is a direct violation of safety protocols and cGMP (current Good Manufacturing Practices).
Furthermore, a specific Fragrance Grade (FFG) benzyl alcohol exists for the perfumery industry. This grade focuses specifically on the "olfactory purity" of the alcohol, ensuring that no residual "chemical" or "off" notes interfere with delicate scent profiles.
While Fragrance Grade may overlap with USP standards in terms of purity, its validation is often centered on its role as a fixative, which helps to retard the evaporation of more volatile aromatic compounds. Buyers must match their grade selection strictly to their application to balance cost-efficiency with the necessary safety margins.
In the realm of coatings and epoxies, Benzyl Alcohol is prized as a highly effective viscosity reducer. It facilitates the flow of heavy resins without significantly compromising the structural integrity of the final cured polymer. Beyond simple dilution, it often acts as a reaction accelerator in epoxy-amine systems, helping the curing process proceed more efficiently at lower temperatures.
This makes it a staple in the production of industrial flooring, marine coatings, and structural adhesives where durability and ease of application are non-negotiable.
The personal care and cosmetics industry utilizes Benzyl Alcohol primarily for its bacteriostatic properties. As a preservative, it is effective against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria and is often used in conjunction with other agents to provide broad-spectrum protection.
It appears on INCI (International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient) lists globally, valued for its dual role as a fragrance component and a preservative. Because it is a naturally occurring constituent in various essential oils like jasmine and hyacinth, it is also frequently used in "nature-identical" formulations.
In pharmaceutical applications, the role of Benzyl Alcohol is even more specialized. It is widely used as a preservative in multi-dose vial injections to prevent microbial proliferation after the initial puncture. Additionally, it exhibits mild local anesthetic properties, which can help reduce pain at the site of an injection.
In this field, it is the primary active ingredient in modern, "green" paint stripper formulations. Its ability to swell and penetrate cross-linked paint films, combined with its low toxicity compared to methylene chloride, has made it the preferred choice for professional and consumer-grade stripping products.
Proper management of the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) guidelines is essential when handling Benzyl Alcohol in bulk. Although it is classified as a non-halogenated solvent with a relatively high flash point (typically around 201 °F), it is still considered a combustible liquid.
In an industrial environment, this means that while it is safer than acetone or ethanol, it must still be kept away from open flames and high-heat sources. Static grounding is generally recommended during large-scale transfers to prevent any risk of ignition.
Storage conditions significantly impact the chemical's longevity and quality. Benzyl Alcohol is susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air, a process that converts the alcohol into benzaldehyde. This reaction is signaled by a distinct change in odor—from a mild floral scent to a sharp, bitter almond smell.
To prevent this, bulk storage tanks should ideally be equipped with nitrogen purging or blanketing systems. This displaces oxygen and moisture, ensuring the material remains within specification for its typical shelf life of one to two years.
From a toxicological perspective, Benzyl Alcohol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for many applications, but it is not without risks. High concentrations can cause skin irritation or dermatitis upon prolonged exposure. Most notably, in the pharmaceutical field, "gasping syndrome" is a known risk for neonates exposed to high levels of benzyl alcohol via preserved IV fluids.
This historical safety context is crucial for pharmaceutical buyers, ensuring they adhere to strict dosage and labeling requirements. Always use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), including solvent-resistant gloves and safety goggles, when handling the pure substance.
Navigating the logistics of bulk benzyl alcohol requires an understanding of standard industry packaging and transport regulations. For laboratory and R&D purposes, the material is typically supplied in 1-liter to 2.5-liter glass bottles to maintain high purity and prevent leaching. However, as demand scales to pilot plant and commercial production, the packaging shifts to 25kg jerry cans or the industry-standard 200kg (55-gallon) steel or HDPE drums. HDPE is often preferred for its resistance to corrosion and ease of handling.
For large-scale industrial consumers, IBC Totes (Intermediate Bulk Containers) holding approximately 1000kg offer a balance of volume and maneuverability. These are ideal for facilities with forklift capabilities but without the infrastructure for fixed bulk tanks. On a global scale, ISO Tanks containing up to 20,000 liters are the most cost-effective method for international shipping.
When arranging transport, it is important to note that while Benzyl Alcohol is not always classified as a "dangerous good" for ground transport in some jurisdictions, specific UN numbers and Hazard Class 6.1 or 9 labels may apply depending on the concentration and international maritime or air regulations.
The weight and dimensions of these packaging options directly influence the landed cost of the product. An IBC tote, for instance, has a high density-to-volume ratio, which can optimize shipping costs. Buyers should also consider the "tare weight" of the packaging when calculating total logistics expenses.
Reliable wholesale distributors will provide detailed packing lists and ensure that all containers are properly sealed with tamper-evident caps to guarantee that the purity of the material is maintained from the refinery to the factory floor.
The global market for Benzyl Alcohol is characterized by a strong manufacturing presence in China, India, and Western Europe. China remains the dominant player in terms of volume, offering highly competitive price per kg points for technical grade benzyl alcohol.
However, Western buyers often weigh these cost savings against potential lead time fluctuations and the need for rigorous quality audits. Sourcing from European or North American producers often provides higher assurance regarding REACH registration and FDA compliance, which are essential for entering highly regulated markets.
A sound sourcing strategy must prioritize transparency in the supply chain. Establishing a relationship with a supplier that provides a comprehensive Certificate of Analysis (COA) for every batch is non-negotiable. This document should detail not only the purity but also the specific levels of impurities like benzaldehyde and water content.
In 2026, market volatility driven by raw material costs (such as toluene) means that forward-contracting or maintaining a diverse supplier base is often necessary to ensure consistent availability and price stability.
Furthermore, environmental and social governance (ESG) factors are becoming increasingly important in chemical procurement. Many modern formulators are seeking suppliers who utilize sustainable synthesis routes or carbon-neutral manufacturing processes. Ensuring your supplier complies with international labor laws and environmental regulations is no longer just a "nice-to-have" but a core component of brand integrity.
By balancing cost, quality, and compliance, industrial buyers can secure a resilient supply of Benzyl Alcohol that supports both their technical needs and their corporate values.
Selecting the appropriate grade of Benzyl Alcohol is a decision that impacts every stage of the product lifecycle—from the stability of the initial formulation to the safety of the end consumer. As we have explored, the transition from industrial vs. USP grade is not merely a matter of price, but a fundamental shift in regulatory requirements and chemical purity. Reliability in supply and consistency in quality are the twin pillars that will define the leaders in the next generation of chemical manufacturing.
Looking for high-purity Benzyl Alcohol for your next project? Request a quote for CAS 100-51-6 today or contact our technical team to download a sample Certificate of Analysis (COA) and discover how our quality standards can elevate your formulations.
1. Is benzyl alcohol soluble in water?
Benzyl alcohol is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility limit of approximately 4.29 grams per 100 milliliters at room temperature (20°C). While it does not mix as freely as ethanol, this level of solubility is often sufficient for its use as a preservative in aqueous cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. For higher concentrations, a co-solvent may be required.
2. What is the shelf life of Benzyl Alcohol?
Under ideal conditions—stored in a cool, dry place and protected from light—Benzyl Alcohol typically has a shelf life of 12 to 24 months. However, once the container is opened, the risk of oxidation increases. Utilizing nitrogen blanketing and ensuring airtight seals can help extend its viability and prevent the formation of benzaldehyde.
3. Is Benzyl Alcohol considered "Halal" or "Vegan"?
In most industrial contexts, Benzyl Alcohol is considered halal as it is a synthetic chemical or derived from plant sources, and it is not consumed as an intoxicant. It is also inherently vegan, as it does not involve animal products in its standard synthetic production route. However, always check with your specific supplier for official certifications to meet regional or religious compliance standards.
4. What is the primary cause of Benzyl Alcohol turning yellow?
Discoloration, usually a yellowish tint, is typically a sign of oxidation or contamination. When exposed to oxygen or certain metallic impurities, the alcohol begins to degrade. This change often coincides with an increase in the "almond-like" odor of benzaldehyde. Using stainless steel or lined drums and maintaining a nitrogen headspace can prevent this degradation.
5. Can Benzyl Alcohol be used in organic-certified products?
This depends on the specific organic standard (e.g., COSMOS, USDA Organic). Many standards allow the use of Benzyl Alcohol as a preservative in "made with organic" products, provided it is used within specific concentration limits (often around 1%). Always consult your certification body's "allowed substances" list before finalizing your formulation.
