This article defines pharmaceutical intermediates and outlines their key characteristics. Furthermore, it provides a detailed comparison of intermediates and APIs to help readers and industry professionals understand their differences in purity, application, regulatory requirements, and production needs.

This article systematically introduces the main classification methods of pharmaceutical intermediates, aiming to help R&D personnel, procurement personnel, and process teams to more clearly understand the role and advantages of different types of intermediates in API synthesis, and effectively improve the decision-making efficiency of process planning, quality control, and supply chain management.

In organic synthesis, the conversion of carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides is a core step in constructing key chemical bonds. This article provides an in-depth comparison of two of the most commonly used acyl chloride reagents: oxalyl chloride and thionyl chloride, revealing why oxalyl chloride is considered a better choice in fine chemicals and offering a practical purchasing guide.

Oxalyl chloride is a highly efficient organic synthesis reagent, but it is also known as a "silent killer" in the laboratory due to its release of highly toxic carbon monoxide and its strong corrosiveness. This safety manual is written specifically for laboratory operators and covers a complete set of guidelines, from storage specifications (moisture and explosion protection), operating SOPs, to emergency quenching and spill handling.